The
Panzerkampfwagen IV (Pz.Kpfw. IV), commonly known as the
Panzer IV, was a German medium tank developed in the late 1930s and used extensively during the Second World War. Its ordnance inventory designation was
Sd.Kfz. 161.
Designed as an infantry-support tank, the Panzer IV was not originally intended to engage enemy armor—that function was performed by the lighter Panzer III. However, with the flaws of pre-war doctrine becoming apparent and in the face of Soviet T-34
tanks, the Panzer IV soon assumed the tank-fighting role of its
increasingly obsolete cousin. The most widely manufactured and deployed German tank of the Second World War, the Panzer IV was used as the base for many other fighting vehicles, including the Sturmgeschütz IV assault gun, Jagdpanzer IV tank destroyer, the
Wirbelwind self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon, and the
Brummbär self-propelled gun.
Robust and reliable, it saw service in all combat theaters involving
Germany and has the distinction of being the only German tank to remain
in continuous production throughout the war, with over 8800 produced
between 1936 and 1945. Upgrades and design modifications, often made in
response to the appearance of new Allied tanks, extended its service life. Generally, these involved increasing the Panzer IV's armor protection
or upgrading its weapons, although during the last months of the war
with Germany's pressing need for rapid replacement of losses, design
changes also included retrograde measures to simplify and speed
manufacture.
The Panzer IV was the most widely exported tank in German service,
with around 300 sold to partners such as Finland, Romania, Spain and
Bulgaria. After the war, seeking to improve its armored forces, Syria
procured PzKpfw IV from France and Czechoslovakia, which were to see
combat in the 1967 Six-Day War.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_IV
